Welcome
This website is a collection of notes and thoughts compiled by me, Leif Gehrmann. The topics are a mix of Internationalization (i18n) and localization (l10n), with a focus on software development. It's not a comprehensive guide, but it includes things that I think are worth discussing, especially when designing software for an audience that you might not be familiar with.
Disclaimer
I am not an expert in linguistics, culture, or even i18n software! I also have cultural biases which leads to false assumptions and blindspots.Therefore, anything on this website should not be used as a source of truth.
Do your own research and consult a real expert for the audience you want to engage with!
i18n and l10n?
There is a difference!
Internationalization (i18n) is when you are adding functionality in your product to support additional languages and regions.
Localization (l10n) is when you are updating your existing product to support a new language, region, or locale.
For example, adding a system to switch between languages is internationalization, but doing the work of translating the text to a new language is localization.
For more info, see Wikipedia's article on Internationalization and localization.
Recommended reading
This website has many articles, but here's a select few that I recommend everyone should read.
- Interpolation assumptions – Grammar rules are different in other languages
- Locale vs language vs region – Don't treat locale as a singular setting
- Hyphenation – The rules are dif‧fer‧ent in other languages
- Quotation marks – « Quotation marks » are not “the same” across 'all languages'
- French punctuation and spaces – The reason
exists - Text Transformation – Don't programmatically transform text